Your Carpet Experts
The werterhalt.org working group brings together cross-manufacturer expertise in the fields of carpeting, fibers, adhesive systems, cleaning technology, expert assessment, and strategy development. We support you by providing independent answers to your questions.
Carpet
Why do we talk about preserving value even when buying carpet?
Carpet significantly enhances any room by providing comfort and offering nearly unlimited design possibilities. To preserve its value for as long as possible from the very first day of use, proper care and cleaning are essential.
Information on care and cleaning must therefore be an integral part of the sales conversation. Experience shows that if this information is omitted, a complaint is inevitable.
Who should be “at the table” when choosing carpeting?
When selecting carpeting, in addition to the end user and the commercial interior consultant, the architect, the construction department, and a company specializing in carpet care should be involved. Only this group of individuals is capable of selecting the appropriate carpet in terms of durability, comfort, and design. The technical considerations related to maintenance and cleaning should be given the same weight in the decision-making process as all other criteria.
What are the advantages of carpet flooring?
Compared to other types of flooring, textile floor coverings offer the following advantages, among others:
Noise-reducing effect
Dust-trapping properties
Energy savings
Resource-efficient maintenance
Certified quality suitable even for people with dust mite allergies
Relief for the muscles
Reduced risk of accidents (no risk of slipping)
Virtually unlimited design possibilities
When selecting carpeting, what factors should be considered in terms of suitability for the specific space?
Care must be taken to ensure that the installation method used meets the durability requirements. In addition, it is advisable to select muted color schemes. Every building has areas that are particularly prone to dirt and stains, such as entryways, reception areas, and break rooms.
Furthermore, it should be verified whether the cleaning method—which is required by the specific carpet type selected—is compatible with the property’s specific conditions, such as the subfloor, drying time, and noise levels.
Why does the Werterhalt.org fact sheet not recommend re-impregnation?
Stain-resistant finishes play a significant role in reducing the tendency of carpets to become soiled. The effectiveness of these finishes is based on reducing the surface tension of the fibers to which they are applied.
Stain-resistant finishes are typically applied directly to the carpet by the carpet manufacturer as the final step in the carpet production process. Only when drying temperatures of at least 120–130°C are used is complete cross-linking and fixation of the impregnation guaranteed. Subsequent impregnations, which are usually carried out at room temperature, bond inadequately to the fibers and therefore do not provide the carpet with lasting protection against soiling.
What standards apply to carpet?
EN 1307 Textile Floor Coverings – Classification; EN 1307:2014+A2:2018
This standard specifies the requirements for classifying all textile floor coverings and carpet tiles—excluding custom-cut carpets and runners (see ISO 2424)—into performance classes based on at least one of the following properties: wear resistance, appearance retention, additional performance characteristics, and comfort classes.
How do you choose the ideal color (shade) for carpet?
Choosing the ideal color scheme for the carpet has a decisive impact on its durability and expected maintenance costs.
In commercial and institutional settings in particular, greater attention has been paid to carpet color schemes in recent years. Lighting calculations often influence the choice of carpet color. The so-called light reflectance can lead to savings on lighting costs. Planners tend to try to implement this and therefore specify extremely light carpet colors.
However, this line of thinking completely disregards the costs of ongoing maintenance cleaning. It is important to note that, as a general rule, dirt and stains tend to be dark (with exceptions, such as in a grain mill). It is therefore recommended to choose a slightly more muted color scheme.
Darker, patterned carpets are extremely effective at concealing dirt, as high-traffic areas and stains are less visually noticeable on these designs than on solid-color ones. The visibility of widespread soiling should also be evaluated based on the color scheme. White, orange, beige, gray, red, blue, green, brown—in this order, the visibility of soiling decreases. Patterns are even more effective at concealing soiling in these color schemes.
Is there any data to support the energy savings achieved by installing carpet?
Carpeted floors generally create a warmer sensation. Various experiments have shown that the perceived temperature in rooms with carpeted floors is up to 2 °C higher than in rooms with hard floors. The spaces between the fibers act as a thermal buffer and prevent heat loss through the feet. When the temperature difference between the head and feet is less than 2.5 °C, the user experiences optimal comfort.
What does “pole weight” mean? Is the highest weight also the best?
Pile weight refers to the yarn weight (g/m²) used during manufacturing (e.g., weaving or tufting). It is relevant only for production and price calculation. Pile weight is often confused with pile layer thickness (the thickness of the carpet after the pile has been sheared above the backing).
However, the highest value is not necessarily the best. It depends, in particular, on the intended use. In addition to the pile weight and pile layer thickness, the total weight, the number of tufts, and the pile material itself (e.g., PA or wool) are also important factors.
What types of carpet fibers are there?
Three main types of fibers are used in carpeting.
Polyamide: A distinction is made between polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6, with the 6.6 variant offering particular advantages in terms of colorfastness. Polyamide can be used in yarn-dyed, piece-dyed, and printed forms.
Wool: In carpeting, wool is primarily blended with polyamide, typically in a ratio of 80% wool to 20% polyamide. Wool is capable of absorbing a relatively large amount of water. This is why wool-blend carpeting acts like an air conditioner: depending on the need, the carpet either releases or absorbs moisture.
Polypropylene: Used as a yarn-dyed fiber. The fiber’s elasticity is slightly lower than that of other fibers, so high-traffic areas become visible relatively quickly.
Is carpet suitable for people with allergies?
It is now widely accepted among experts that elevated levels of fine particulate matter in the air we breathe are a major trigger for allergic reactions. A study commissioned by the German Allergy and Asthma Association (DAAB) shows that using smooth flooring significantly increases the risk of elevated fine dust concentrations indoors. Using carpet, on the other hand, minimizes this risk.
So allergies have nothing to do with carpet!
A study by the Swedish Institute for Fiber and Polymer Research provides a clear example: According to the study, between 1975 and 1995, carpet was replaced with smooth flooring in more than 70% of homes in Sweden; the incidence of allergies tripled during the same period!
What is “shading”?
Velour carpeting has a soft surface. Due to the manufacturing process, the fibers have a slight lateral tilt. With shading, the lateral tilt—which, due to the manufacturing process, points uniformly in one direction—shifts in the opposite direction. This creates localized areas across the surface. These areas look as if water had been spilled on them. However, this is merely a shading effect.
Your Experts in Planning and Installation
The experts at werterhalt.org are here to assist you with any questions regarding the selection, planning, installation, and maintenance of textile floor coverings—across all manufacturers and in an independent capacity.
Installation
What do installation and bonding have to do with preserving value?
Only professional installation ensures that the carpet retains its value. The use of unsuitable installation materials—such as primers, fillers, and, in particular, unsuitable adhesives—or the application of these materials in a manner that does not comply with industry standards can result in damage to the entire installation.
Installation methods that comply with industry standards include bonding with wet or dry adhesives, securing with adhesive fixings (the flooring must be suitable), and stretching over nail strips. Loose-lay installation and installation using adhesive tape are unsuitable methods for installing textile floor coverings.
What standards apply to installation or adhesive bonding?
The basis for this is DIN 18365, “Flooring Installation.” However, a commentary has also been written for this DIN standard. The commentary on DIN 18365, 2017 edition, “Flooring Installation,” contains all the important rules and specifications that must be followed.
When installing or bonding textile floor coverings, however, the installation instructions provided by the flooring manufacturers take precedence over the standard.
What are the different installation options? What are the respective pros and cons?
A prerequisite for all possible installation methods is optimal preparation of the subfloor in accordance with recognized industry standards or DIN 18365. For all installation methods, cleaning and maintenance must be adapted to the specific installation method. The resource-efficient TEP-TOP-Clean® process is suitable for nearly all types of installation and flooring.
Wet adhesive:
Advantage: relatively quick installation, good and durable bond to the subfloor (suitable for chair casters)
Disadvantage: use of construction chemicals, more time- and cost-intensive when replacing the flooring, wet cleaning is recommended only under certain conditions
Dry adhesive:
Advantage: quick, clean installation, no downtime, flooring immediately fully usable, faster, cleaner replacement
Disadvantage: Material is more expensive than wet adhesive; not suitable for all floor coverings; not suitable for wet cleaning
Adhesive fixation:
Advantage: Allows the textile floor covering to be lifted for work, e.g., in the raised floor area; easy removal of the covering when replacing it
Disadvantage: Can only be used with a limited selection of carpets; not suitable for wet cleaning
Tensioning:
Advantage: No adhesive required; immediately usable; maximum walking comfort; longer service life of the flooring
Disadvantage: Not suitable for all flooring types or usage conditions
What does “loose bonding” mean?
In addition to bonding to the subfloor and what is known as “tensioning,” there is also the method known as “loose-lay installation.”
Loose installation also includes the following methods: hook-and-loop fastening (hook-and-loop strips adhered all around the perimeter that secure the flooring only at the edges), adhesive fixation (fixation with low adhesive strength that more or less only ensures the flooring lies flat), and installation using double-sided adhesive tape.
Loose installation also includes removable installation using adhesive fixation (fixation with low adhesive strength, which more or less only ensures the flooring lies flat) and installation with double-sided adhesive tape.
Loose installation—especially in commercial settings—is generally strongly discouraged, as it results not only in a shortened manufacturer’s warranty but also in reduced comfort and performance characteristics, and, last but not least, severely limited cleaning and maintenance options.
Long-term preservation of value is therefore not achievable.
What are the advantages of carpet tiles? What do you need to know when installing them?
Advantages include:
• Individual tiles can be easily replaced if they become dirty or damaged
• Using tiles of different colors and various installation patterns allows for customized design options
• Carpet tiles are easier to transport
• Carpet tiles can be removed and reinstalled
• Minimal waste.
Points to note include:
• The subfloor must meet the requirements of DIN 18365
(Floor Covering Installation) as well as the requirements of DIN 18202 (Flatness Tolerances).
• The tiles to be installed should be brought into the relevant rooms 24 hours before installation to acclimate to the room temperature.
• The room temperature should not fall below 18°C, and the relative humidity should not exceed 65%.
• As a general rule, tiles are always secured to prevent slipping in order to ensure durability and the properties guaranteed by the manufacturer.
For this purpose, low-emission, slip-resistant “adhesive fixings” (see the flooring manufacturer’s installation instructions) can generally be used.
• In contiguous areas, only tiles from the same batch should be installed in a single direction, with the exception of tile types that can only be installed in a checkerboard pattern. Please follow the specific installation instructions for each tile type.
• To enjoy the benefits of tiles over the long term, it is essential to establish a consistent care and cleaning schedule and adhere to it from the very beginning. Failure to do so can result, for example, in an unsightly “patchwork” appearance when replacing tiles, caused by adjacent areas that may not have been cleaned. • Spray extraction is not permitted for textile flooring tiles and panels. Light spot cleaning in small areas using minimal moisture is permitted to assist with stain removal. The combination method (shampooing/spray extraction) is not permitted.
Are there established tolerance limits for potential measurement variations in textile floor coverings?
The dimensional stability of textile floor coverings is measured in accordance with ISO 2551 (roll goods) or EN 986 (carpet tiles). The unadhered floor covering is subjected to the following test cycles:
1. Storage for 2 hours at 60°C
2. Storage for 2 hours in water at 20°C
3. Storage for 24 hours at 60°C
4. Storage for 48 hours in normal ambient conditions
After each test cycle, the change in dimensions is determined relative to the original dimensions. The following dimensional changes are permissible:
Carpet tiles:
Elongation: max. +0.2%
Shrinkage: max. –0.2%
Rolled carpet:
Elongation: max. +0.5%
Shrinkage: max. –1.2%
What types of adhesives are there? What are their advantages and disadvantages?
For all adhesives, cleaning and maintenance must be adapted to the specific installation method.
The resource-efficient TEP-TOP-Clean® process is suitable for—and recommended for—virtually all types of installation and flooring.
Wet adhesives:
Dispersion adhesives with different additives depending on the intended use,
Advantage: Extensive range of high-quality textile flooring adhesives; products available that are tailored to the flooring construction and installation situation
Disadvantage: The adhesive type must be precisely matched to the flooring; curing times must be observed
Dry adhesives:
Acrylate adhesives on a backing material, supplied in rolls up to 100 cm wide (Similar to double-sided tape)
Advantage: Fast, clean installation; odorless; easily removable depending on the product
Disadvantage: Material is more expensive than wet adhesives; not suitable for all textile floor coverings or all
applications; not suitable for wet cleaning
Fixatives:
Dispersion-based adhesives for removable installation
Advantage: Allows the textile floor covering to be lifted for work, e.g., on raised floors; easy removal of the covering when replacing it
Disadvantage: Can only be used with a limited selection of carpet types; cannot prevent dimensional changes in the covering; not suitable for wet cleaning.
Solvent-free contact adhesives:
Used, for example, for installations on stair treads, profiles, etc.
Advantage: Virtually odorless installation; no use of solvents
Disadvantage: Long drying times depending on climatic conditions
Is it possible to prevent black streaks from forming in the areas around door thresholds and baseboards from the start?
Unfortunately, the formation of black streaks (aerosol contamination) around the baseboards cannot be prevented, as the cause is related to structural and building physics factors and therefore cannot be avoided.
Intensive cleaning can only remove the aerosol soiling superficially and cannot permanently restore the appearance, as the underlying causes cannot be eliminated.
Your Experts in Maintenance and Preservation of Value
Paul Geißler GmbH brings its more than 55 years of expertise in cleaning technology systems to the werterhalt.org working group and is here to assist you with any questions regarding the care, cleaning, and sustainable preservation of the value of textile floor coverings.
Cleaning & Maintenance
Have you thought of everything when choosing carpet?
Carpet manufacturers respond to market demands with a wide variety of qualities and designs.
Furthermore, they fulfill their responsibility by providing comprehensive installation, care, and cleaning recommendations. Unfortunately, implementing these recommendations is usually beyond their control. It is therefore up to the end user—or the contractors working on their behalf—to take note of the recommendations listed above at an early stage, pass them on, and put them into practice. A manufacturer can only guarantee its product, but not what happens to it after production or installation.
So anyone who wants to maintain their warranty claim would be well advised to obtain comprehensive information right from the start.
With this short checklist, we’d like to guide you step by step toward optimal carpet value retention.
There's no such thing as a bad choice of carpet!
The only thing missing is consideration—or advice—on proper care from the very beginning! The guidelines in the werterhalt.org fact sheet, starting on page 22, provide an initial overview of the necessary steps to consider. It is advisable to compare your preferred flooring option step by step with the requirements for interim and deep cleaning, as well as the specific conditions of the facility. If you follow the guidelines, the period following installation is given particular consideration when selecting new textile flooring.
An example: For loop pile carpet, spray extraction is the ideal cleaning method.
If the loop pile carpet is to be installed, for example:
• on a raised floor, it is important to know that spray extraction is not an option for large-scale use with this subfloor construction!
• be installed in a hotel, it is important to know that after using spray extraction, a drying time of at least 12 hours without foot traffic is required!
• be installed in a company whose corporate guidelines emphasize resource conservation, it is important to know that—depending on the machine type—spray extraction requires several liters of drinking water for cleaning!
We recommend seeking cleaning advice before purchasing carpet: www.paul-geissler-gmbh.de
After all, loop pile carpet installed over a raised floor is the right choice, provided that the necessary special measures are considered and implemented from the outset and that the finance department is informed so that the budget can be adjusted accordingly.
Can shading be removed by cleaning?
The answer is clearly no! The PDF linked above will explain the topic in a bit more detail.
Why does the Werterhalt.org fact sheet exclude self-cleaning from intermediate and intensive cleaning?
As can be seen from the care and cleaning instructions, as well as from the information listed below, performing basic cleaning—as with any other surface—requires considerable technical expertise and specialized knowledge.
For example, carpet treatment must generally be carried out in accordance with the flooring material, installation method, and facility-specific characteristics. This requires in-depth knowledge of both “hardware and software.”
Due to a lack of expertise, time, and technology, do-it-yourself cleaning cannot achieve the level of interim or deep cleaning required by the manufacturer’s specifications.
What cleaning products are recommended for stain removal?
As a general rule, you should avoid using chemicals for stain removal in the first step! This is because any cleaning product applied to the carpet must be removed without leaving any residue—otherwise, it promotes re-soiling (the remaining surfactants, for example, “continue to do their job”: they bind dirt).
Regardless of this, the use of chemicals usually places an unnecessary burden on indoor air quality. When you consider that various carpet manufacturers already offer products that are emission-free after installation, it becomes clear that the use of chemicals would quickly negate this excellent feature.
Manufacturers generally produce their carpets using such high-quality fibers that most stains can be removed with lukewarm water. This is referred to as indirect stain removal—that is, you never apply water directly to the carpet; instead, you dampen a microfiber cloth with lukewarm water, wring it out thoroughly, and then treat the stain by dabbing (not rubbing!) from the outside in.
Sparkling mineral water, which is also used indirectly, can help remove the stain. Additional tips on stain removal can be found in the respective care and cleaning instructions or in the information sheet at werterhalt.org.
Are brush vacuum cleaners a must for cleaning carpeted floors?
The carpet industry gives its approval exclusively for the use of a brush vacuum cleaner!
The premier resource for all questions regarding preserving the value of textile floor coverings
The expertise of the werterhalt.org working group in the following areas:
• Selection of textile floor coverings based on cleaning considerations
• Advice on preventive measures
• Care and cleaning of textile floor coverings in accordance with manufacturer specifications
• Sustainability planning in the area of care and cleaning of textile floor coverings
• Commercial project planning based on cleaning considerations
is provided by Paul Geißler GmbH
Is cleaning something to consider when choosing carpet?
Yes! We'd be happy to advise you on this.